John McCone
Industrialist and former director of Standard Oil of California who served as CIA Director from 1961 to 1965, clashed with President Kennedy over the test-ban treaty and covert-operations control, shaped Johnson's Latin America team around Rockefeller allies, and later, as an ITT director, financed the effort to block Salvador Allende.
John A. McCone (1902-1991) was an American industrialist who served as Director of the CIA from 1961 to 1965, appointed by President John F. Kennedy after the Bay of Pigs invasion and retained into the Johnson administration. A former director of Standard Oil of California and a wealthy engineering contractor, he brought a corporate and oil-industry orientation to the Agency that repeatedly set him at odds with Kennedy and aligned him with the Rockefeller network's interests in Latin America.1
Conflicts with Kennedy
Though Kennedy's appointee, McCone diverged sharply from the president. He lent CIA analysts to Senator John Stennis's effort to defeat Kennedy's nuclear test-ban treaty, secretly supplying expertise to help Stennis argue against ratification. As a former large stockholder and director of Standard Oil of California, he was reported to have differed with Kennedy over the president's threat to reduce the oil-depletion allowance, a change estimated to cost the oil companies some $280 million a year. He had also disliked Kennedy's July 1961 recommendation to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board to break up the CIA, and the directives making the military responsible for large covert operations, and he had favored Ngo Dinh Diem in Vietnam.2
After the assassination of President Kennedy, Attorney General Robert Kennedy confronted McCone directly, asking, "Did the CIA kill my brother?" McCone assured him it had not, claiming ignorance of the Agency's assassination plots mounted after the Bay of Pigs.2
Shaping Johnson's Latin America Team
Under Johnson, McCone helped reorient US policy toward the hemisphere around figures congenial to corporate and Rockefeller interests. He urged Johnson to bring Thomas Mann back from the Mexico City embassy to replace assistant secretary of state Edward Martin and to take over the Alliance for Progress from Teodoro Moscoso, and he recommended returning Robert B. Anderson, a Rockefeller business associate from the Eisenhower years, to a leading role in the Alliance. The effect was to staff the administration's Latin America apparatus with men attuned, in Colby and Dennett's phrase, "to the prerogatives of American business."3
ITT and Chile
After leaving the CIA in 1965, McCone joined the board of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT). In 1970, working to prevent the election of Salvador Allende in Chile, McCone offered the CIA $2 million to finance an effort to stop him, connecting the corporate and intelligence campaigns against the Chilean left that the Rockefeller Brothers Fund's earlier rural-education programs in Chile had been designed to undercut.4
Sources
- Central Intelligence Agency, "John A. McCone," Directors of Central Intelligence. https://www.cia.gov/legacy/headquarters/directors-of-central-intelligence/; Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon. HarperCollins, 1995. Ch. 27. ↩
- Colby and Dennett, Ch. 27. ↩
- Colby and Dennett, Ch. 27; Ch. 28. ↩
- Colby and Dennett, Ch. 41. ↩
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