#LatinAmerica
32 entries tagged LatinAmerica.
People (16)
- Alberto Lleras Camargo Alberto Lleras Camargo served as Colombia's president twice (1945-46, 1958-62) and as the first secretary-general of the OAS, and was a key member of Nelson Rockefeller's inter-American political network from the 1940s onward.
- Andrew McLellan Andrew McLellan served as the AIFLD's Brazil representative and later AFL-CIO Inter-American representative, playing a documented operational role in the labor politics that preceded the 1964 Brazilian coup and in post-coup labor restructuring for the Castelo Branco dictatorship.
- Che Guevara Ernesto 'Che' Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary who witnessed the 1954 CIA-backed coup against Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala, became a key military commander of the Cuban Revolution, served as Minister of Industries in Cuba, and was captured and executed in Bolivia on October 9, 1967 with CIA assistance - with agency officer Felix Rodriguez present at his death.
- David Rockefeller The youngest of the five Rockefeller brothers, David Rockefeller built Chase Manhattan Bank into the primary financial instrument of the Rockefeller family's Latin American strategy, serving as the network's commercial arm while Nelson directed its political and intelligence operations.
- Galo Plaza Galo Plaza Lasso served as president of Ecuador (1948-1952) and secretary-general of the OAS (1968-1975), and was a consistent ally of Nelson Rockefeller from the Chapultepec conference of 1945 through the 1960s.
- General William P. Yarborough Brigadier General William P. Yarborough led the February 1962 Special Forces survey team to Colombia whose classified report to the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended building a secret paramilitary network to 'execute paramilitary, sabotage and/or terrorist activities against known communist proponents,' a foundational document for what became Operation Condor-era state terror.
- Getulio Vargas The Brazilian nationalist president whose Estado Novo dictatorship and subsequent elected presidency both ended through US-backed coups, with his 1954 suicide following direct pressure from the Eisenhower administration and the US military attache over his Amazon development program.
- Humberto Castelo Branco General Humberto Castelo Branco led the April 1964 military coup that overthrew Brazilian President Joao Goulart and served as Brazil's first post-coup military president from 1964 to 1967, overseeing mass political purges, the suppression of Petrobrás, and the opening of the Amazon to American corporate investment.
- J.C. King Joseph Caldwell 'J.C.' King was CIA chief of clandestine activities for the Western Hemisphere from 1947 through 1964, whose December 1959 memorandum recommending Castro's 'elimination' directly initiated Operation 40.
- Jefferson Caffery Jefferson Caffery served as U.S. Ambassador to Cuba, Brazil, France, and Egypt across a 29-year chief-of-mission career, mediating the Batista-Mendieta transition in 1934, coordinating the wartime Corridor of Victory with Vargas, pressuring France to expel its Communist ministers in 1947, and brokering the Anglo-Egyptian Suez negotiations of 1954.
- Joao Goulart The Brazilian president whose moderate nationalist reform program was destroyed by the 1964 US-backed military coup, having been targeted by a destabilization operation coordinated by the CIA, State Department, AIFLD, and the Rockefeller network beginning shortly after Kennedy's assassination.
- John McCone Industrialist and former director of Standard Oil of California who served as CIA Director from 1961 to 1965, clashed with President Kennedy over the test-ban treaty and covert-operations control, shaped Johnson's Latin America team around Rockefeller allies, and later, as an ITT director, financed the effort to block Salvador Allende.
- Nelson Rockefeller The second Rockefeller son who served as Roosevelt's wartime coordinator of inter-American affairs, Eisenhower's psychological warfare chief, and the architect of the US institutional framework for Cold War Latin American policy.
- Serafino Romualdi Serafino Romualdi was the AFL-CIO's Inter-American representative and AIFLD's first executive director, who built the CIA-connected anti-communist labor network in Latin America from the 1940s through 1965 under the CIA pseudonym 'Charles Guymers.'
- Vernon Walters The US military attaché in Brazil whose personal relationships with coup-plotting generals helped ensure the 1964 overthrow of Joao Goulart succeeded, and who went on to become Deputy Director of the CIA under Nixon.
- William Cameron Townsend The California-born fundamentalist missionary who founded the Summer Institute of Linguistics and Wycliffe Bible Translators, creating the world's largest Bible translation organization by cultivating relationships with Latin American governments, the US intelligence community, and the Rockefeller network.
Organizations (13)
- Agency for International Development The U.S. Agency for International Development is the federal foreign-aid agency established in 1961 whose Office of Public Safety provided police training in Latin America and Southeast Asia that served as cover for CIA operations and counterinsurgency interrogation programs.
- AIA The American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA) was Nelson Rockefeller's nonprofit arm for development programs in Latin America, operating in Brazil and Venezuela from 1946 through the 1960s as a complement to his for-profit IBEC.
- AIFLD The CIA-funded American Institute for Free Labor Development, the AFL-CIO's Latin American arm, which organized anticommunist labor unions throughout the hemisphere and whose operatives played a documented role in the 1964 Brazilian coup and other Cold War regime changes.
- Chase Manhattan Bank Chase Manhattan Bank, led by David Rockefeller from 1961 to 1981, served as the Rockefeller family's primary financial instrument in Latin America, with its credit policies in Brazil contributing to the economic conditions that preceded the 1964 military coup.
- CIAA Roosevelt's wartime Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, headed by Nelson Rockefeller, which served as the first official US government propaganda operation and built the economic, media, and political infrastructure for postwar American hegemony in Latin America.
- IBEC Nelson Rockefeller's International Basic Economy Corporation, a private development vehicle that combined Rockefeller family commercial interests with US foreign policy goals in Latin America, becoming the economic arm of the post-CIAA Rockefeller strategy for the hemisphere.
- Inter-American Escadrille The Inter-American Escadrille was a CIAA-funded aviation development organization that displaced German airlines from South American trunk routes during World War II and integrated Latin American air forces into a US-led hemispheric defense system.
- JAARS The Jungle Aviation and Radio Service, SIL's aviation and communications arm, which provided missionary logistics in Amazonian interior while serving as dual-use infrastructure for US government personnel and intelligence operations in the region.
- OAS The Organization of American States (OAS), founded in 1948 in Bogotá, institutionalized the regional military and political system that Nelson Rockefeller and Adolf Berle designed through the Act of Chapultepec (1945) and the Rio Treaty (1947).
- Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation, endowed from the Standard Oil fortune in 1913, ran public-health and agricultural campaigns across Latin America that eased the social costs of American corporate expansion, supplied a pipeline of trustees into the State Department, and in 1943 funded the McGill psychiatric institute where CIA depatterning experiments were later conducted.
- Standard Oil Standard Oil was the John D. Rockefeller oil monopoly broken up in 1911 into successor companies whose Latin American operations, particularly Standard Oil of New Jersey, underwrote the Rockefeller family's mid-century influence over U.S. hemispheric policy.
- Summer Institute of Linguistics The secular-branded twin of Wycliffe Bible Translators, operating under government contracts to document indigenous languages while serving as a vehicle for tribal pacification, intelligence gathering, and US corporate penetration of the Amazon basin.
- United Fruit Company The United Fruit Company was the dominant American agricultural and infrastructure corporation in Central America and the Caribbean whose expropriation by Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz provided the corporate rationale for Operation PBSUCCESS, with CIA Director Allen Dulles and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles both having served as United Fruit's legal counsel at Sullivan & Cromwell before their government appointments.
Programs (3)
- Alliance for Progress The Alliance for Progress was Kennedy's 1961 foreign aid and development program for Latin America, promising $20 billion over ten years for social reform and economic development, but largely captured in implementation by the military-counterinsurgency apparatus and business interests.
- Operation Brother Sam The US naval task force secretly dispatched to Brazilian waters in April 1964 to support the military coup deposing President Joao Goulart, representing the operational culmination of a US covert destabilization program coordinated by the CIA, State Department, and Rockefeller family networks.
- Operation Condor Operation Condor was a CIA-facilitated transnational program of political repression, intelligence sharing, and assassination coordinated among six South American military dictatorships from November 1975, tracking and killing an estimated 60,000 people including opponents who had fled across borders.