Central America
Geographic region connecting North and South America that was the primary theater of Contra operations, drug trafficking, and CIA covert activities during the 1980s.
Central America is the geographic region connecting North and South America that was the primary theater of operations for the Contra war, cocaine trafficking, and Central Intelligence Agency covert activities during the 1980s.1
Contra War Theater
The Central American nations of Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Guatemala formed the battleground for the U.S.-backed Contra war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The FDN operated from Honduras, while ARDE and UDN-FARN were based in Costa Rica. Ilopango Air Force Base in El Salvador served as the hub for Oliver North's Contra air force.2
Drug Trafficking Corridor
Central America was the transit corridor for cocaine flowing from Colombia and Bolivia to the United States. CIA-connected pilots and Contra aircraft moved drugs through airstrips in Costa Rica, Ilopango in El Salvador, and forward operating bases in Honduras. DEA agent Celerino Castillo documented Contra drug shipments from Ilopango, and Enrique Miranda testified about cocaine flights from El Salvador to U.S. military airfields in Texas.3
Sources
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Glossary of Organizations and Locations ↩
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 13: "The wrong kind of friends" ↩
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 13: "The wrong kind of friends" ↩
Local network
Central America's direct connections. Click any node to navigate, drag to pan, scroll (or pinch) to zoom. + 2‑hop expands the neighborhood one level further.
An interactive diagram of Central America's connections, drawn on a canvas and explored with a pointer. The same connections are listed as links in the Connected and Mentioned-in sections below.
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Mentioned in 67
- PersonAdolf Berle
- OrganizationAir America
- PersonAlan Fiers
- PersonAndrew McLellan
- OrganizationARENA
- PersonBaldur K. Kleine
- PlaceBogota
- EventBoland Amendment
- PlaceCali, Colombia
- PersonCarlos Cabezas
- PersonCarlos Marcello
- OrganizationCentral Intelligence Agency
- PlaceChicago
- PlaceChile
- PersonChris Moore
- PlaceCosta Rica
- PersonCraig Chretien
- PlaceCuba
- PersonDagoberto Nunez
- PlaceDominican Republic
- PersonEdmundo Meneses
- PlaceEl Salvador
- PersonElliott Abrams
- PersonEnrique Bermudez
- PersonFelipe Vidal
- PersonFelix Rodriguez
- PersonFidel Castro
- PlaceFlorida
- PersonFrank Moss
- EventFrogman Case
- PersonGalo Plaza
- PersonGary Webb
- PlaceGuatemala City
- PlaceHaiti
- PersonHarland Braun
- OrganizationHondu Carib Cargo
- PlaceHonduras
- PersonHugo Spadafora
- OrganizationJAARS
- PlaceJM-WAVE
- PersonJoseph Fernandez
- ConceptKUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation
- PersonLawrence Walsh
- PersonManfred Herrmann
- PersonManuel Noriega
- PersonNelson Rockefeller
- PlaceNew Orleans
- PlaceNicaragua
- PersonOliver North
- PlaceOpa Locka
- PlacePanama
- OrganizationPyramid International Security Consultants
- PersonRichard Brenneke
- PersonRob Owen
- PersonRobert Owen
- PersonRonald Lister
- OrganizationSETCO
- PlaceTexas
- ConceptThe Octopus
- PersonThomas Dowling
- PersonTim LaFrance
- OrganizationUnification Church
- OrganizationUnited Fruit Company
- PlaceUnited States
- PersonWilliam Cameron Townsend
- PersonWilliam J. Casey
- OrganizationWorld Vision