Guatemala City
Guatemala City was the birthplace of the FDN Contra army and served as a regional base for CIA and DEA operations investigating Contra-connected drug trafficking.
Guatemala City, the capital of Guatemala, was the birthplace of the FDN Contra army and served as a regional base for Central Intelligence Agency and DEA operations investigating Contra-connected drug trafficking. The city's role in the Contra war spanned from the initial formation of the rebel army to the assassination of key figures connected to the drug trade.1
Birthplace of the FDN
Enrique Bermúdez was persuaded to move his Legion of September 15 from Guatemala to Tegucigalpa as part of a CIA-arranged merger. The merger happened in August 1981 in the upstairs rec room of the legion's rented safe house in Guatemala City. The Legion, described as a violent band of ex-Guardia men based in Guatemala, became the core of the FDN. Crime, including drug trafficking, ensured the survival of Bermúdez's legion during its time in Guatemala. The operation was orchestrated by Argentine military advisors working with the CIA.2
Assassinations and Intelligence
On September 16, 1978, Ambassador Edmundo Meneses, father of Meneses, was machine-gunned in Espana Park in Guatemala City, catching three bullets in his back. Guerrillas described him as overseeing anti-Communist operations across Central America, exploiting his ambassadorial position in Guatemala as a smokescreen while coordinating between the Guatemalan army and the Nicaraguan National Guard.3
DEA Base of Operations
DEA agent Celerino Castillo III lived and worked in Guatemala City, using it as his base for investigating Contra-connected drug operations at Ilopango Air Base in neighboring El Salvador. He recruited informants from Guatemala, including a Cuban named Socrates Sofi-Perez, a Bay of Pigs veteran who described the Contra drug scheme to him in detail.4
Sources
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 6. ↩
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 6. ↩
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 3. ↩
- Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 15. ↩
Named without a link 2
Local network
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Mentioned in 15
- PersonCarlos Amador
- PersonCelerino Castillo
- PersonChe Guevara
- PersonEdmundo Meneses
- OrganizationFDN
- PlaceGuatemala
- OrganizationJAARS
- PersonJacobo Arbenz
- OrganizationLegion of September 15
- PersonManfred Herrmann
- ProgramOperation PBSUCCESS
- PlaceSan Salvador
- PersonSocrates Sofi-Perez
- PersonTracy Barnes
- PersonWilliam Cameron Townsend