Louis Jolyon West

Louis Jolyon "Jolly" West was a psychiatrist who chaired the UCLA Department of Psychiatry and directed the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute from 1969 to 1989. A confirmed CIA contractor cleared at Top Secret level, West conducted research under MKULTRA Subproject 43. His career intersected with some of the most controversial experiments and investigations of the Cold War era.¹²

The Tusko Experiment

On August 3, 1962, West administered 297 milligrams of LSD to Tusko, a 14-year-old male Indian elephant at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Oklahoma City. The dose was approximately 3,000 times a human recreational dose. The experiment, conducted with zoo director Warren Thomas and Dr. Chester M. Pierce, was intended to study whether LSD could induce musth, a state of aggressive excitement in male elephants. Within five minutes of the injection, Tusko collapsed. After administering additional drugs in an attempt to revive him, Tusko died one hour and 40 minutes later. West published the results in the journal Science on December 7, 1962. The experiment became one of the most widely cited examples of reckless animal experimentation and CIA-connected behavioral research.²

The Jack Ruby Examination

In 1963, West was appointed as the examining psychiatrist for Jack Ruby, who had shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald two days after the assassination of President Kennedy. West recommended interrogating Ruby under sodium thiopental and hypnosis.²

The Center for the Study of Violence

West proposed creating a government-funded Center for the Study of Violence in California that would have used experimental mind control techniques to mentally recondition criminals. The center would have employed drug therapy, sensory deprivation, and psychological conditioning on incarcerated subjects. Then-Governor Ronald Reagan initially supported the center, but when public opinion shifted against West following criticism of his methods and his MKULTRA associations, Reagan withdrew his backing and the project was abandoned.¹

Victorian Crash Pad, Roger Smith, and the Manson Parole

During the late 1960s, West operated a CIA-funded facility near the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic in San Francisco, refitting a Victorian house as a fake "hippie crash pad" to study drug addiction and counterculture behavior. Charles Manson attended weekly meetings with his parole officer Roger Smith at the clinic following his release from Terminal Island on March 21, 1967, the same year the CIA launched Operation CHAOS. Members of the Manson Family used the clinic for medical treatment. West's proximity to Manson's parole supervision has been identified as circumstantial evidence suggesting intelligence community interest in Manson. West's files from the Haight-Ashbury period have reportedly gone missing.³

Sleep Deprivation Research

In 1959, West conducted a well-publicized sleep deprivation experiment with radio DJ Peter Tripp, who remained awake for eight days as part of a charity stunt. West monitored Tripp throughout, documenting the psychological deterioration that accompanied prolonged wakefulness, including hallucinations and paranoia.²