IBM
International Business Machines (IBM) is a multinational technology company founded in 1911 and headquartered in Armonk, New York, whose mainframe and minicomputer systems were used by the government agencies that became targets of the PROMIS software distribution network.
[!INFO] THIS IS NOT WIKIPEDIA This page is not all encompassing. The company is obviously much larger and deserving more detail than the scope of this page. Consequently, only general information and details relevant to other research thrusts are included.
International Business Machines, or IBM as it’s commonly known, is a multinational tech and research company headquartered in Armonk, New York. It was founded in 1911. The company specializes in computers and computing technologies and has close ties with governments around the world (most infamously with Nazi Germany as part of the Holocaust).
In 1969, IBM invented the relational database. During the 1960’s and 70’s, IBM was a major provider of mainframe and later minicomputers. These large, powerful (for the time), and expensive machines were used by organizations like the LEAA or countries like Canada to run software including PROMIS.
Richard L. Garwin, a prominent scientist, was associated with IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. He was a member of an ad hoc panel of distinguished scientists tasked with studying the VELA data related to a probable nuclear explosion in the South Indian Ocean in 1979. Garwin was known for his independence as a government consultant.1
Sources
- Hersh, Seymour M. The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy. Random House, 1991. Chapter 11. ↩
Hidden connections 2
Entities named in this page's prose without an explicit wikilink — surfaced by scanning for known titles and aliases.
Local network
IBM's direct connections. Click any node to navigate, drag to pan, scroll (or pinch) to zoom. + 2‑hop expands the neighborhood one level further.
An interactive diagram of IBM's connections, drawn on a canvas and explored with a pointer. The same connections are listed as links in the Connected and Mentioned-in sections below.
Legend — how to read this graph
- People
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- Programs
- Events
- Concepts
- Places
Larger = more mentions across the vault.
Explicit link (wikilink between entries).
Inferred connection (name co-mention) — toggle with “Inferred”.
Gold ring — a bridge entity linking distant clusters.
Accent ring — your current selection.