MUF
MUF ('material unaccounted for') is the nuclear industry term for the discrepancy between expected and measured quantities of nuclear material in a facility, whose large-scale irregular occurrence at the NUMEC plant is central evidence in allegations that Israel diverted enriched uranium for its nuclear weapons program.
MUF, or "material unaccounted for," is a term commonly used in the nuclear processing industry. It refers to the difference between the amount of nuclear material that is supposed to be present in a facility and the amount that is actually measured. This discrepancy can arise from various factors, including inherent process losses, measurement uncertainties, and, in some cases, diversion of material.1
At the NUMEC plant, MUF became a significant issue, with over two hundred pounds of enriched uranium unaccounted for. The AEC eventually worked out complicated rules for accounting for MUF, enabling private firms to estimate how much missing but accountable uranium was believed to be in a plant's air filtration system or buried in its waste pits. The AEC accepted these estimates as realistic and deferred assessments of penalties, assuming that no reprocessing firm would divert or steal uranium if it resulted in a stiff fine.1
Sources
- Hersh, Seymour M. The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy. Random House, 1991. Chapter 18. ↩
Local network
MUF's direct connections. Click any node to navigate, drag to pan, scroll (or pinch) to zoom. + 2‑hop expands the neighborhood one level further.
An interactive diagram of MUF's connections, drawn on a canvas and explored with a pointer. The same connections are listed as links in the Connected and Mentioned-in sections below.
Legend — how to read this graph
- People
- Organizations
- Programs
- Events
- Concepts
- Places
Larger = more mentions across the vault.
Explicit link (wikilink between entries).
Inferred connection (name co-mention) — toggle with “Inferred”.
Gold ring — a bridge entity linking distant clusters.
Accent ring — your current selection.