#Bank

Organizations (13)

• Banco Ambrosiano Banco Ambrosiano was Italy's largest private bank, founded in Milan in 1896, whose chairman Roberto Calvi used a network of Vatican Bank-guaranteed offshore shell companies to export $1.3 billion from the bank before its June 1982 collapse - the largest bank failure in Italian history - which coincided with Calvi's death under London's Blackfriars Bridge.
• Bank of America San Francisco bank that supplied BCCI's founding capital and Western credibility in 1972, held up to 30 percent of it, and sold out to BCCI's affiliate ICIC from 1978 while keeping a correspondent relationship.
• Banque Arabe et Internationale d'Investissement Arab-owned Paris consortium bank sharing directors with BCCI, which lent 50 million dollars for the 1982 Financial General takeover and passed BCCI money to Ghaith Pharaon for Independence Bank.
• CenTrust Savings Bank CenTrust Savings Bank was a financial institution based in Miami, owned by David L. Paul.[^1]
• Chelsea National Bank Chelsea National Bank was a financial institution that Bank of Credit and Commerce International attempted to acquire in 1975, using Abbas Gokal as a front.[^1] Regulators rejected the bid due to concerns about BCCI's involvement.[^1]
• First American Bank Washington bank, formerly Financial General Bankshares, secretly owned and controlled by BCCI through the nominee holding company CCAH; Clark Clifford was its chairman and Robert Altman its president.
• Hong Kong Chinese Bank Hong Kong bank whose Stephens family stake the Riadys took in exchange for their Worthen Bank shares about 1987, later part-owned by China Resources and sold to CITIC Ka Wah Bank in 2001.
• Independence Bank of Encino California bank secretly acquired by BCCI in 1985 through Ghaith Pharaon as nominee; its failure in 1992 cost the federal bank insurance fund about 140 million dollars.
• Kuwait International Finance Company Kuwaiti finance company in which BCCI ostensibly held 49 percent but which it controlled through its nominee Faisal al-Fulaij, used as a parallel bank to move and disguise BCCI funds.
• LippoBank California bank chartered in 1961 as the Bank of Trade of San Francisco, renamed Lippo Bank in 1990, which pleaded guilty in 2001 to 86 misdemeanor counts of illegal foreign campaign contributions.
• National Bank of Georgia Atlanta bank sold by Bert Lance to Ghaith Pharaon in 1978, half owned by BCCI through him, and bought by BCCI's First American for 220 million dollars in 1987.
• National Commercial Bank Jeddah bank controlled by Khalid bin Mahfouz, with which BCCI concealed more than 500 million dollars of lending to its major customers, a practice auditors found continuing in 1990.
• Vatican Bank The Vatican Bank (Instituto per le Opere di Religione, IOR) is the Holy See's financial institution, whose sovereign immunity from Italian banking regulation made it a vehicle for the P2-connected financial operations of Michele Sindona and Roberto Calvi, resulting in the Banco Ambrosiano collapse and a $244 million settlement with international creditors in 1984.