---
born: 1923-03-31
category: Key Figures
created: 2026-06-03
died: 1973-11-06
location: Oakland, California
summary: First African-American superintendent of Oakland's public schools, assassinated
  by the Symbionese Liberation Army on November 6, 1973, with cyanide-tipped hollow-point
  bullets in an attack that bore the hallmarks of an intelligence operation.
tags:
- Person
- Education
- Assassination
- SLA
updated: 2026-06-03
---

Marcus Albert Foster was born March 31, 1923, in Athens, Georgia, and moved to Philadelphia at age three as part of the Great Migration. He earned a doctorate in education from the University of Pennsylvania and built a distinguished career in the Philadelphia public school system from 1957 to 1970, rising from teacher to principal to Associate Superintendent for Community Relations.[^3]

### Oakland Superintendency

In 1970, Foster was appointed the first African-American superintendent of Oakland, [California](/places/california/)'s public school system, a district serving predominantly minority students in communities facing poverty and underinvestment. He was known for raising academic expectations, negotiating with diverse political factions, and working to improve educational outcomes in underserved schools. He developed a proposed student identification card system designed to reduce vagrancy and keep non-student drug dealers off campus, though the program was already being modified in response to community concerns.[^3]

### Assassination

On November 6, 1973, Foster was shot eight times with hollow-point bullets packed with cyanide as he left a school board meeting. His deputy superintendent, Robert Blackburn, was critically wounded but survived. The [Symbionese Liberation Army](/organizations/symbionese-liberation-army/), led by [Donald DeFreeze](/people/donald-defreeze/), claimed responsibility. According to later accounts, SLA member Patricia Soltysik fired the fatal shots while DeFreeze wounded Blackburn with a shotgun. The SLA justified the killing by citing Foster's student ID proposal, characterizing it as "fascist."[^1][^3]

### The Intelligence Dimension

Two weeks before the assassination, a neo-Nazi group had distributed a flyer predicting Foster's death. Witnesses described "Black men" fleeing the scene, but the arrested suspects were white. Blackface makeup was discovered in their apartments. The SLA at the time of the murder was led by Donald DeFreeze, a career criminal and LAPD informant who had been recruited at [Vacaville](/places/vacaville/) prison by [CIA](/organizations/central-intelligence-agency/) psychological warfare specialist [Colston Westbrook](/people/colston-westbrook/), an employee of CIA proprietary [Pacific Architects and Engineers](/organizations/pacific-architects-and-engineers/). The assassination of a prominent Black educator by a manufactured radical group led by an informant and mentored by a CIA operative raised questions about whether the killing served broader counterintelligence objectives.[^1]

### Memorials and Convictions

The Oakland Education Institute was renamed the Marcus A. Foster Education Institute in his honor. Fellowships and scholarships were established at the University of Pennsylvania and UC Berkeley. Joe Remiro was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, serving 47 years before receiving parole. Russ Little was released after serving five years.[^3]

[^1]: Curt Rowlett, "Project Mind Kontrol: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?," Steamshovel Press #16, 1998.
[^3]: "50 Years After He Was Assassinated, Why Marcus Foster Is More Relevant Than Ever," *EdSource*, November 2023. https://edsource.org/2023/50-years-after-he-was-assassinated-why-marcus-foster-is-more-relevant-than-ever/688423; "Marcus A. Foster (1923-1973)," BlackPast.org. https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/marcus-foster-1923-1973/; "The Assassination of Oakland Schools Chief Marcus Foster by Members of the SLA," Local News Matters, November 27, 2018. https://localnewsmatters.org/2018/11/27/the-assassination-of-oakland-schools-chief-marcus-foster-by-members-of-the-sla/