--- aliases: - Hal Puthoff - Harold E. Puthoff - Harold Puthoff born: 1936-06-20 category: Intelligence & Government created: 2026-05-17 location: Chicago, Illinois summary: Harold E. 'Hal' Puthoff is a physicist who co-founded the Stanford Research Institute remote viewing program with Russell Targ in 1972 under CIA contract, served as its principal investigator through 1985, and later contributed technical research to the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program. tags: - Person - SRI - Stargate - CIA - AATIP - RemoteViewing - Physics - NSA - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s title: Hal Puthoff updated: 2026-05-17 --- Harold E. "Hal" Puthoff (born June 20, 1936) is a physicist and engineer who co-founded the [Stanford Research Institute](/organizations/stanford-research-institute/) remote viewing research program with [Russell Targ](/people/russell-targ/) in 1972 under [CIA](/organizations/central-intelligence-agency/) contract and served as its principal investigator through 1985. The program, which operated under the code names SCANATE, Gondola Wish, and [Grill Flame](/programs/stargate-project/) before consolidating as STAR GATE under [DIA](/organizations/defense-intelligence-agency/) oversight, represented the primary U.S. government institutional effort to investigate anomalous cognition for intelligence applications over two decades. Puthoff subsequently contributed technical research to the [AATIP](/programs/advanced-aerospace-threat-identification-program/) Pentagon program and became a founding member of To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science. ### Early Career Puthoff was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Dade County, Florida. He attended the University of Florida and completed a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in the 1960s. Before joining Stanford Research Institute, he worked briefly for the [National Security Agency](/organizations/nsa/) in a signals intelligence-related research capacity in the late 1960s, an experience that gave him direct familiarity with government intelligence requirements and classification systems. He published a standard textbook in his field, *Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics* (1969, co-authored with R. L. Pantell), and held patents in tunable infrared laser technology. He joined SRI in 1969 as a researcher in laser physics and related applied science areas. ### Scientology Background Puthoff was a practicing member of the Church of Scientology for several years in the late 1960s. [Ingo Swann](/people/ingo-swann/) and [Pat Price](/people/pat-price/), the two most prominent early subjects in the SRI program, were also current or former Scientologists. This overlap attracted attention within the CIA's counterintelligence staff, who questioned in internal assessments whether the church was exploiting the program for its own intelligence or reputational purposes, and whether claimed psychic results reflected Scientology training methods rather than independently verifiable phenomena. The Scientology connection among the program's leading figures was flagged repeatedly but did not result in the program's cancellation. ### Initial Contact with CIA and SRI Experiments (1972) Puthoff's shift from laser physics toward parapsychology research grew from his interest in quantum mechanics and questions about the physical basis of consciousness and observation. In 1972, he was contacted by Ingo Swann, an artist and self-described psychic who proposed a formal laboratory test at SRI. Puthoff arranged for Swann to attempt to disturb the output of a heavily shielded proton precession magnetometer at Stanford University's Varian Hall, designed to detect quarks. The magnetometer output showed anomalous fluctuations that Puthoff could not account for through conventional means. On June 27, 1972, Puthoff wrote formally to [Kit Green](/people/kit-green/) at the CIA's Life Sciences Division, proposing government-funded research at SRI to investigate whether anomalous cognition could be reproduced under controlled conditions. This letter, subsequently declassified and available in the CIA FOIA Reading Room (document CIA-RDP96-00791R000200030006-8), established the institutional relationship between SRI and the CIA that funded the program for more than a decade. The CIA designated the initial program SCANATE (Scan by Coordinate) and provided initial funding; formal experiments began under CIA contract by October 1972. Puthoff hired Targ as a research colleague, and together they developed the remote viewing experimental protocol: a subject remained at SRI while a second experimenter traveled to a randomly selected target site; the subject attempted to describe the target through verbal description and drawings; independent judges blindly matched transcripts to target sites. ### Protocol Development and Pat Price Swann's suggestion to use geographic coordinates rather than outbound experimenters as the targeting mechanism - initially resisted by Puthoff and Targ as theoretically implausible - proved to generate consistent results and became the basis of Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV), the structured methodology used throughout the government program. Pat Price, a retired Burbank police commissioner introduced to the program in 1973, produced what Puthoff considered the most operationally significant results of the SRI period. Price's remote viewing of the Soviet URDF-3 facility near Semipalatinsk - describing a large gantry crane, spherical metal objects estimated at 60 feet in diameter under construction, and a novel welding technique - was subsequently evaluated against classified satellite photography and assessed as substantially accurate. Price and Swann's subsequent remote viewing of the [NSA](/organizations/nsa/) signals intelligence facility at Sugar Grove, West Virginia, triggered an NSA security investigation into whether remote viewing, if genuine, represented a vulnerability for classified installations. Price died of a reported heart attack in Las Vegas in July 1975, under circumstances Puthoff considered potentially suspicious. His suitcase of remote viewing notes and CIA materials disappeared before Puthoff arrived in Las Vegas. No evidence of foul play was established. ### Published Research Puthoff and Targ published the SRI program's experimental results in two major peer-reviewed venues: "Information Transmission Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding" in *Nature* (October 1974, volume 251, pages 602-607), and "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research" in *Proceedings of the IEEE* (March 1976, volume 64, number 3, pages 329-354). Both papers presented statistical significance claims for anomalous information transfer under controlled conditions and triggered extensive methodological debate in both journals' correspondence sections. The *Nature* paper represented an unusual case of a mainstream scientific journal publishing parapsychology research; the editorial board attached a statement acknowledging the reviewers' uncertainty about publication. The IEEE paper presented data across multiple subjects and sessions, including [Hella Hammid](/people/hella-hammid/), a German-American photographer included specifically to test whether anomalous results were limited to self-identified psychics. ### Transition and Departure from SRI When the Army established its own remote viewing unit at [Fort Meade](/places/fort-meade/) in 1977 under the code names Gondola Wish and later Grill Flame, it contracted SRI for protocol guidance and training under Puthoff's supervision. Puthoff continued as SRI's principal investigator through this period, overseeing both the research program at SRI and consulting on the operational program at Fort Meade. In 1985, Puthoff departed SRI; the research contract subsequently moved to [SAIC](/organizations/science-applications-international-corporation/) under [Edwin May](/people/edwin-may/). After leaving SRI, Puthoff founded EarthTech International in Austin, Texas, a private research company focused on advanced physics including zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuation effects. His theoretical work at EarthTech centered on the physical frameworks he believed might explain anomalous cognition and other unconventional phenomena within accepted physical theory, particularly through quantum vacuum interactions. ### AATIP and Later Work Puthoff contributed as a scientific consultant to the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), the Pentagon program that investigated Unidentified Aerial Phenomena from approximately 2007 to 2012 under [Luis Elizondo](/people/luis-d-elizondo-iii/). His contribution included commissioning and reviewing Defense Intelligence Reference Documents (DIRDs) - theoretical analyses of advanced aerospace concepts including warp drives, traversable wormholes, negative energy, and exotic propulsion systems. His EarthTech research in zero-point energy physics made him the natural contractor for the theoretical physics studies that formed part of AATIP's research portfolio. Puthoff became a founding member and scientific advisor to To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science (TTSA), the public benefit corporation established by Tom DeLonge in 2017, which published three declassified Navy videos of UAP encounters and became a public vehicle for intelligence community-adjacent UAP disclosure. [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 28-90 (comprehensive account of Puthoff's SRI career). Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "Information Transmission Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding." *Nature* 251 (October 1974): 602-607. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354. [^2]: CIA FOIA Reading Room, document CIA-RDP96-00791R000200030006-8 (Puthoff letter to Green, June 27, 1972). Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. [^3]: Elizondo, Luis. *IMMINENT: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs.* William Morrow, 2024. Lacatski, James T., Colm A. Kelleher, and George Knapp. *Skinwalkers at the Pentagon: An Insider's Account of the Secret Government UAP Program.* RTMA, 2021.