---
alias:
- G. Gordon Liddy
- Gordon Liddy
- George Gordon Liddy
- George Gordon Battle Liddy
- George F. Leonard
born: 1930-11-30
category: Intelligence & Government
created: 2026-10-01
died: 2021-03-30
location: Hoboken, New Jersey (born)
relations:
- end: 1962
  fn: 5
  role: special agent
  start: 1957
  type: employed_by
  with: '[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'
- fn: 5
  role: special assistant
  start: 1969
  type: employed_by
  with: '[[Department of the Treasury]]'
- fn: 12
  role: member
  start: 1971-07
  type: member_of
  with: '[[White House Plumbers]]'
- fn: 2
  role: Plumbers staff member
  type: reported_to
  with: '[[Egil Krogh]]'
- end: 1971-09-03
  fn: 2
  role: organizer and lookout
  start: 1971-09-03
  type: participant_in
  with: '[[Fielding break-in]]'
- fn: 1
  role: general counsel
  type: employed_by
  with: '[[Committee to Re-elect the President]]'
- fn: 1
  role: counsel
  start: 1972-03
  type: employed_by
  with: '[[Finance Committee to Re-elect the President]]'
- fn: 1
  role: planner of Gemstone and convicted conspirator
  type: participant_in
  with: '[[Watergate]]'
- fn: 2
  reverse: true
  type: prosecuted
  with: '[[Watergate Special Prosecution Force]]'
summary: Former FBI agent and Treasury aide who joined the Plumbers, planned Gemstone
  for Nixon's reelection committee, was convicted in Watergate and the Fielding break-in,
  and had his sentence commuted by Carter in 1977.
tags:
- Person
- GordonLiddy
- Watergate
- Gemstone
- Plumbers
- FBI
- CommitteeToReElectThePresident
- Conviction
- Radio
- 1970s
updated: 2026-10-01
---

George Gordon Battle Liddy (November 30, 1930 to March 30, 2021) was a former agent of the [Federal Bureau of Investigation](/organizations/federal-bureau-of-investigation/), a prosecutor in Dutchess County, New York, an official of the Department of the Treasury and a member of the [White House](/places/white-house/) "Plumbers" unit. As general counsel and then finance committee counsel of the Committee to Re-elect the President he presented the intelligence plan known as Gemstone, and on January 30, 1973 he was convicted of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping offenses arising from the [Watergate](/events/watergate/) break-in; in 1974 he was also convicted for the 1971 burglary of the office of the psychiatrist of [Daniel Ellsberg](/people/daniel-ellsberg/). [Jimmy Carter](/people/jimmy-carter/) commuted his sentence on April 12, 1977.[^1][^2][^3] He died on March 30, 2021.[^4]

### Federal Bureau of Investigation, Dutchess County and the Treasury Department

Edward Jay Epstein wrote in 1977 that Liddy graduated from Fordham Law School in 1957 and served the next five years in the FBI, becoming its youngest supervisor and a member of [J. Edgar Hoover](/people/j-edgar-hoover/)'s personal staff in Washington, where he wrote articles and speeches for the director; that he resigned in 1962 and practiced with his father in [New York City](/places/new-york-city/); and that in 1966 he moved to Poughkeepsie, carrying sealed recommendations from the FBI, and was hired as an assistant district attorney of Dutchess County by District Attorney Raymond Baratta.[^5] The Poughkeepsie public library's local history account records that Liddy was married in Poughkeepsie in November 1957, was an assistant district attorney there during the 1960s, and in 1966 "nabbed [LSD](/concepts/lsd/) guru Timothy Leary and others" at the Hitchcock Estate in Millbrook.[^6] Epstein described the Millbrook raid as a "no knock" entry in the middle of the night in March 1966 and wrote that the charges were dismissed because Liddy had not advised [Timothy Leary](/people/timothy-leary/) of his rights in the manner required by the Supreme Court's Miranda decision of that year.[^5]

Epstein wrote that Liddy sought the Republican nomination for district attorney of Dutchess County in June 1968 and lost a party caucus, 25 to 4, then challenged Representative Hamilton Fish Jr. for the Republican congressional nomination and lost the primary by a few thousand votes, took the New York Conservative Party line, and withdrew after [Gerald R. Ford](/people/gerald-r-ford/), then House Republican leader, came to Poughkeepsie and arranged for Liddy to endorse Fish in return for a promise of a position in the Nixon administration. Epstein gave this account without attribution to a named participant.[^5] In 1969, Epstein wrote, Liddy became a special assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury under Eugene T. Rossides, who supervised the department's law enforcement bureaus, and Liddy was assigned to Task Force Number One, a joint [Justice Department](/organizations/department-of-justice/) and Treasury task force on narcotics smuggling. Epstein wrote that Rossides feared Attorney General John Mitchell would use the task force to enlarge the Justice Department's domain at the expense of the Customs Bureau and that Liddy was assigned to protect Treasury's interests.[^5]

A [Central Intelligence Agency](/organizations/central-intelligence-agency/) record, prepared in answer to the question whether the agency had any other dealings with Liddy while he was in Treasury or at the White House, states that in December 1969 security action was initiated to grant Liddy a number of agency clearances in connection with his Treasury employment, at which time he was listed as a member of the Presidential Task Force reporting on narcotics, marijuana and dangerous drugs; that in August 1971 he was briefed on several additional sensitive programs in connection with his assignment to the White House staff; that memoranda prepared in 1971 (the catalog text is partly illegible) indicated he was working with David R. Young on the investigation of leaks of classified information to the news media; and that he was debriefed from these special clearances on February 22, 1972. The record concludes that "Mr. Liddy held Agency clearances because of his White House duties, but he was not utilized by CIA."[^7]

On July 26, 1973 Henry S. Ruth, Deputy Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, wrote to John S. Warner, the CIA's Acting General Counsel, about questions arising in the investigation of [ITT](/organizations/itt-corporation/) and "the persons who were employed by Gordon Liddy, E. Howard Hunt, and Bernard Barker." The letter asked whether the CIA had employed or been associated with Felipe de Diego, Pablo Fernandez, Angelo Ferrer, Hiram Gonzalez, Humberto Lopez and [Hal Hendrix](/people/hal-hendrix/); whether it knew of intelligence or undercover activities by ITT against the Chilean government in the [United States](/places/united-states/); whether it knew of arrangements between ITT and the [Mullen Company](/organizations/robert-r-mullen-company/); whether it had any working relationship with the ITT Public Relations Office at 495 Biltmore Way, [Coral Gables](/places/coral-gables-florida/), Florida; and whether it was aware "of any intelligence or undercover activities performed by Howard Hunt and/or Gordon Liddy for ITT." Warner forwarded the letter on August 3, 1973 to Bill Nelson with a note that it should be cross-checked with the [Office of Security](/organizations/cia-office-of-security/). The reply of the CIA's Cover and Commercial Staff dated August 7, 1973, which describes the letter as dated July 29, responds to the third and fourth questions only, stating that the staff had never discussed with the Mullen Company any association with ITT, that the Mullen file contained two brochures listing no ITT among its clients, and that the staff had no relationship with or information about the Coral Gables office; the released document does not address the fifth question.[^8][^9]

Attorney General Mitchell testified in 1973 that when Liddy was brought to him in November 1971 he understood Liddy to have been an assistant prosecutor in New York State, a candidate for Congress, an FBI agent, a Treasury employee and then a White House staff member.[^10]

### The Plumbers and the Fielding Break-in

John W. Dean, testifying in 1973, said that he learned through Jack Caulfield that Liddy had a falling out with Rossides at Treasury and that Egil Krogh "waded into the middle of the dispute by hiring Liddy and bringing him into the White House."[^11] The Senate committee's final report stated that the Plumbers unit, under Krogh and David Young, added Liddy and [Howard Hunt](/people/howard-hunt/) in July 1971, both being known to the White House as persons with investigative experience; the court of appeals dated the formation of the unit to the summer of 1971, after publication of the Pentagon Papers.[^12][^13] The court of appeals recorded that Liddy was hired by Krogh with the approval of John Ehrlichman to investigate leaks of classified information.[^2]

After Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis Fielding, declined to be interviewed by FBI agents, the unit proposed a covert entry into his Beverly Hills office. Hunt traveled to Miami in mid-August 1971 to recruit Bernard Barker, who had worked under him in the [Bay of Pigs](/events/bay-of-pigs/) operation, and Barker recruited Eugenio Martinez and Felipe de Diego. On August 25, 1971 Liddy gained entry to Fielding's office by misrepresenting his identity to a cleaning woman in order to take reconnaissance photographs; he purchased supplies for the operation. Hunt and Liddy met the three Miami men at a Beverly Hills hotel on September 2, 1971. On the night of September 3 Barker, Martinez and de Diego entered the office and forced a file cabinet, and Liddy kept a lookout nearby. The file on Ellsberg was not found.[^2][^13]

California indicted Liddy on September 4, 1973 for the break-in. At the request of Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski, and over Liddy's objection, the California prosecution was dismissed on March 11, 1974, four days after a federal grand jury indicted Liddy, Ehrlichman, Barker, Martinez and de Diego on March 7, 1974 for conspiring to violate Fielding's Fourth Amendment rights.[^2][^13] The jury convicted Liddy on July 12, 1974, and on July 31, 1974 Judge Gerhard Gesell sentenced him to one to three years, to run concurrently with his Watergate sentence. The court of appeals affirmed on May 17, 1976 in an opinion that rejected claims that the indictment was defective, that the California dismissal violated his speedy trial and due process rights, and that the trial court had erred in refusing to enforce two subpoenas duces tecum.[^2]

On the same day the court of appeals reversed the convictions of Barker and Martinez, who had been sentenced to probation, in a per curiam opinion accompanied by separate opinions of Judges Wilkey and Merhige and a partial dissent by Judge Leventhal.[^14] At a hearing on February 22, 1979, Chief Judge William B. Bryant ruled that the "Barker-Martinez defense," which the court described as reasonable reliance on the authority of superiors, was available to the former FBI officials W. Mark Felt and Edward S. Miller, who had been indicted in April 1978 on charges of conspiring to deprive relatives and acquaintances of Weather Underground fugitives of their rights through surreptitious entries; the Justice Department at the time was headed by Attorney General [Griffin Bell](/people/griffin-bell/).[^15]

### General Counsel to the Reelection Committee

According to the court of appeals, Liddy was hired by the reelection committee in late 1971 as general counsel; in January 1972 he agreed to organize an intelligence gathering operation; and in March 1972 he moved to the Finance Committee to Re-elect the President as its counsel while continuing the intelligence assignment.[^1] Dean testified that Krogh suggested Liddy for the general counsel post, that Krogh obtained Ehrlichman's approval, and that Dean arranged an interview with Mitchell on November 24, 1971, for which Liddy prepared an agenda. Dean described it as a general job interview with virtually no discussion of intelligence plans; on December 8 Jeb Stuart Magruder interviewed Liddy briefly and asked him to start work as soon as possible.[^16] Mitchell testified that Krogh brought Liddy to his office on December 8 on a drug abuse law enforcement program, and that he did not then know Liddy worked for Krogh as one of the Plumbers.[^10]

Magruder testified that during Liddy's first week Liddy told him he had discussed a broad intelligence plan with members of the White House staff, mentioning Dean in particular, and had been told he would have a budget of about $1 million. Dean testified that he had not encouraged Liddy's plans and had told Liddy that he would not discuss them.[^17][^18] Hunt testified that in late November 1971 Liddy told him that Attorney General Mitchell had proposed the establishment of a large-scale intelligence and counterintelligence program with Liddy as its chief, and that he and Liddy designed a budget for it under the code name Gemstone. Hunt added that in April 1972 Liddy told him the Watergate operation would be undertaken as part of Gemstone, on information, from what Hunt understood to be a government agency, that the Cuban government was supplying funds to the [Democratic Party](/organizations/democratic-party/) campaign, and that entries were made on May 27 and June 17, 1972.[^19]

Magruder, Dean and Mitchell each testified about the meetings in the Attorney General's office on January 27 and February 4, 1972, at which Liddy presented charts and a plan with a budget of about $1 million, later scaled down. Magruder testified that the projects included wiretapping, photography, the abduction of radical leaders to Mexico during the [San Diego](/places/san-diego/) convention, and call girls; Dean testified that the plan also included mugging squads and that Liddy described interception of communications between ground facilities and aircraft; Mitchell testified that he told Liddy "to go burn the charts" and described the presentation as "a complete horror story."[^20][^21][^22] Magruder testified that Mitchell approved a revised $250,000 plan on March 30 at Key Biscayne; Mitchell denied it and testified that the plan was rejected for the third time. The court of appeals affirming the convictions of Mitchell, Haldeman and Ehrlichman summarized the evidence at that trial as showing that Mitchell gave approval on that date.[^23][^24][^25]

Money for the operation passed through the Finance Committee. Hugh Sloan, its treasurer, testified that in April 1972 Liddy consulted him about four checks drawn on a Mexican bank, payable to and endorsed by Manuel Ogarrio, and the two agreed to convert them into cash with the help of Liddy's friends around the country. These checks and a check of $114,000 payable to a member of the finance committee were deposited in a Miami bank account by Barker and Martinez on April 20, 1972, and most of the funds were withdrawn by Barker within two weeks. Liddy returned $111,500 in $100 bills to Sloan, and Sloan testified that he turned over to Liddy a total of $199,000 in cash, mostly in $100 bills, which Liddy gave to [James McCord](/people/james-mccord/), the committee's security chief. Bills of that denomination were later found in sequence on McCord and the four other men arrested in the Democratic National Committee offices on June 17.[^1] In his questioning of Mitchell, committee counsel stated that Sloan had testified that Liddy asked for an initial payment of $83,000 on a $250,000 budget.[^26]

### The Arrests and the Silence

The court of appeals summarized the evidence on the arrests. Liddy telephoned Barker before the Miami men traveled to Washington in May and June 1972; six of the defendants using aliases checked into a Washington hotel on May 22 and rented rooms at the Watergate Hotel until May 29; and Alfred Baldwin, a former FBI agent hired by McCord, monitored the Democratic National Committee telephones from rooms 419 and 723 of the Howard Johnson Motel across the street. Baldwin testified that Hunt and Liddy visited room 419 on May 26 and that the two later surveyed the DNC offices from the balcony of room 723.[^1] On June 17, 1972 Baldwin saw two men leave an alleyway near the building after police arrived, identified one as Hunt and said the other was wearing a suit he recognized as Liddy's. Attorney Douglas Caddy testified that Hunt telephoned Liddy at about 5 a.m. from Caddy's apartment, and that a few days later Liddy directed Caddy to pay $2,500 of the cash Hunt had given him to the criminal lawyer retained for the five men. Sloan testified that Liddy met him in a hallway that morning and said, "my boys got caught last night; I made a mistake; I used somebody from here which I said I'd never do. I'm afraid I am going to lose my job." Liddy later asked about the committee's largest shredding machine and was seen with a large stack of papers at the shredder.[^1]

[Richard Kleindienst](/people/richard-kleindienst/), the new Attorney General, testified that on Saturday, June 17, Liddy and Powell Moore came to the Burning Tree Club, where Kleindienst was playing in a tournament; that Liddy appeared agitated, said that he had been asked to report on the Watergate break-in and that some of those arrested might be employed by the White House or the reelection committee, and (in Kleindienst's less precise recollection) said that Mitchell had asked him to come; that Kleindienst telephoned Assistant Attorney General Henry Petersen to instruct that those arrested receive no special treatment; and that he told Liddy to leave.[^27] Mitchell testified that from February 4 until June 15, 1972, when Liddy came to his office about a letter to the *[Washington Post](/organizations/washington-post/)*, he had no conversation with Liddy.[^28]

Dean testified that after the arrests he asked Liddy to meet him and that, shortly before noon, they walked down 17th Street toward the Corcoran Gallery; Mitchell placed Dean's first debriefing of Liddy on June 19. Dean said Liddy told him the arrested men were his men, that Magruder had pressed him into the operation because the committee was not getting good information from an earlier bug, that Liddy had used McCord because Magruder had cut his budget, that the men were friends of Hunt, and that no one at the White House was involved.[^28][^29] Robert Bennett, Hunt's employer, testified at trial that on July 2 Liddy told him he had lost his job at the committee for failing to cooperate fully with the FBI.[^1]

### Conviction, Sentence and Refusal to Testify

On January 8, 1973 jury selection began before Chief Judge John J. Sirica; five defendants changed their pleas to guilty, and on January 30, 1973 the jury found Liddy and McCord guilty. Liddy was convicted of conspiracy, two counts of burglary, and three counts of endeavoring to intercept and intercepting communications. He did not testify. On March 23, 1973 Sirica sentenced him to a total of not less than six years and eight months and not more than 20 years, with a $40,000 fine. The appellate caption lists the alias George F. Leonard. The en banc court of appeals affirmed on November 8, 1974.[^1]

The Senate Watergate Committee's final report stated that its knowledge of Liddy's activities came from sources other than Liddy, who refused to testify at an executive session on June 4, 1973 even after being instructed to do so upon the conferral of use immunity under a court order. The report stated that Liddy's role in Gemstone was detailed through the testimony of McCord, Magruder, Dean, Mitchell and Hunt.[^30] Dean had testified that he "never understood how the Liddy plan had been approved" and that Magruder had indicated to him that there had been White House pressure to get the plan moving.[^31]

### Commutation and Release

On April 12, 1977 President Carter signed an order commuting Liddy's sentence from 20 years to eight years, making him eligible for parole on July 9, 1977 and fixing a mandatory release date, with good time, of September 30, 1980. The order recited that Liddy had begun serving his sentence on January 30, 1973, was confined at the Federal Prison Camp at Allenwood, Pennsylvania, and had not paid the $40,000 fine, which remained in effect. The order was countersigned by Attorney General Griffin Bell, and the White House announcement stated that the President took the action "in the interest of equity and fairness based on a comparison of Mr. Liddy's sentence with those of all others convicted in Watergate related prosecutions."[^3] The Justice Department official biography of Bell records that he was sworn in as Attorney General on January 26, 1977.[^32] The *[New York Times](/organizations/new-york-times/)*, reporting on Liddy's memoir in April 1980, stated that he left prison in September 1977 after serving 52 months, longer than any other Watergate defendant.[^33]

### Writing, Speaking and Private Security Work

Liddy published a novel, *Out of Control* (St. Martin's, 1979), reviewed in *[Newsweek](/organizations/newsweek/)* on October 15, 1979, and an autobiography, *Will* (St. Martin's, 1980).[^33][^34] In October 1981 he spoke to a standing-room audience at the University of Texas on a national campus tour; the *Austin American-Statesman* reported that he said the Central Intelligence Agency had been weakened by "illusions" and that the assassination of President [Anwar Sadat](/people/anwar-sadat/) earlier that day might have been anticipated by a strong covert intelligence service, and that he told the audience he had been in nine different prisons.[^35] In 1985 the United States Tax Court, in a dispute with the [Internal Revenue Service](/organizations/internal-revenue-service/) over more than $150,000 in claimed back taxes and penalties, heard Liddy describe how he spent more than $340,000 as director of covert activities for the 1972 campaign, including $30,000 for a room bugging device, $2,270 for prostitutes at the Miami convention, $500 for Donald Segretti's work against Senator Edmund Muskie, and $300 for cartoons of Senator Edward Kennedy drawn by a CIA artist, according to United Press International; Judge Samuel Sterrett accepted Liddy's testimony in part, finding tax due on $45,430 rather than the IRS's $174,800 and rescinding a $51,766 fraud penalty.[^36]

On March 18, 1987 the [Associated Press](/organizations/associated-press/) reported from Santa Ana, California that Liddy had opened a school, the Academy of Corporate Security and Private Investigation, charging $1,500 a week and bringing classes to students, and that he also operated a security company offering drug investigations and detection of illegal surveillance.[^37] In an October 1986 interview with *USA Today*, according to United Press International, Liddy said he ran the G. Gordon Liddy Academy of Corporate Security in Florida and commanded the "Hurricane Force," a group of professional soldiers "organized to perform extraction missions (in Third World countries) for private parties."[^38]

Liddy hosted a syndicated radio program for two decades, with a career at Radio America that ended with his retirement in 2012, and appeared in television roles including an episode of *Miami Vice*.[^4][^39]

### Statements About Plots to Kill Jack Anderson and Howard Hunt

The *New York Times* reported on April 14, 1980, summarizing excerpts from *Will* published in *Time*, that Liddy wrote that a plan to kill the columnist [Jack Anderson](/people/jack-anderson/) arose over lunch in Washington with Hunt and a CIA operative, was suggested because an Anderson column had supposedly compromised an American agent abroad, and preceded the Watergate burglary. According to the excerpts, a plan to kill Anderson with LSD was dismissed as impractical, and Liddy then volunteered to kill him on a Washington street but was advised by Hunt to "forget" it. The same report stated that Liddy wrote that he had been prepared to participate in a project to poison Hunt in prison for cooperating with prosecutors and that he had arranged for Hunt's food to be poisoned if a coded message arrived, which, he wrote, never came.[^33]

The New York *Daily News* reported on April 18, 1980 that Liddy said on two network television programs that Anderson was "a pain in the butt" to the Nixon White House and that assassinating him would have been "justifiable homicide," that he had made the recommendation at a White House meeting at which Hunt first suggested drugging Anderson with LSD, and that Anderson's columns had compromised an intelligence agent who was unmasked, tortured and killed. Anderson, meeting Liddy on the program, said that neither Liddy nor anyone else could name a CIA agent tortured or killed as a result of his columns: "It never happened." Liddy answered that he had not said CIA agent. Hunt declined to appear on the second program; the report stated that Hunt said he never discussed with Liddy a need to kill Anderson, that they considered how to discredit Anderson with LSD, and that they dropped the matter when a retired CIA doctor said attempts of that kind overseas had been unsuccessful.[^40]

United Press International reported on October 31, 1986 that Liddy told *USA Today* that he would have killed Anderson and Hunt if ordered to do so, that the decision had to be taken "from a much higher level than I was," that he had been ordered to discuss the Anderson problem with "Dr. Edward Gunn of the CIA," whom he described as "the CIA's assassination expert," and that "it was not until an Anderson column caused the death of one of our intelligence people posted abroad that that thought was even entertained." The report added that published reports in 1975 had said that a senior official in the Nixon White House ordered Anderson killed and the death made to look accidental.[^38]

[^1]: *United States v. Liddy*, 509 F.2d 428 (D.C. Cir. 1974) (en banc) (No. 73-1565), decided November 8, 1974, introductory paragraphs, Part I, and nn. 2 and 3. https://static.case.law/f2d/509/cases/0428-01.json
[^2]: *United States v. Liddy*, 542 F.2d 76 (D.C. Cir. 1976) (No. 74-1885), decided May 17, 1976. https://static.case.law/f2d/542/cases/0076-01.json
[^3]: Jimmy Carter, "Commutation of G. Gordon Liddy's Prison Sentence: Announcement of the Commutation, With the Text of the Order," April 12, 1977, The American Presidency Project. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/commutation-g-gordon-liddys-prison-sentence-announcement-the-commutation-with-the-text-the
[^4]: "Chief Operative Behind Watergate Scandal, G. Gordon Liddy, Dies At 90," NPR, *Morning Edition*, March 31, 2021 (transcript; born in Hoboken, N.J.; died Tuesday at his daughter's home in Virginia; 52 months in prison; talk show for 20 years until 2012). Other accounts give Brooklyn as the birthplace (Epstein, below) and 1929 as the birth year; contemporaneous reports in 1980 and 1987 give ages (49 and 56) consistent with a birth in November 1930. https://www.npr.org/2021/03/31/982953846/chief-operative-behind-watergate-scandal-g-gordon-liddy-dies-at-90
[^5]: Edward Jay Epstein, *Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America* (1977), ch. 3, "G. Gordon Liddy: The Will to Power." http://www.druglibrary.net/schaffer/History/aof/aof3.html
[^6]: Bill Kleppel, "G. Gordon Liddy and Family," Adriance Memorial Library (Poughkeepsie Public Library District). https://poklib.org/g-gordon-liddy-and-family/
[^7]: Central Intelligence Agency, question and response concerning other dealings with Liddy (catalog date 1972), CIA Reading Room document C01482344. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-01482344
[^8]: Letter, Henry S. Ruth Jr., Deputy Special Prosecutor, Watergate Special Prosecution Force, to John S. Warner, Acting General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency, July 26, 1973, with routing slip of August 3, 1973, CIA Reading Room document C01482382. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-01482382
[^9]: Memorandum, Chief, Cover and Commercial Staff, to C/WH, "Inquiry regarding possible ITT association with CIA and Robert R. Mullen and Company," August 7, 1973, CIA Reading Room document C01367838. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-01367838
[^10]: Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, *Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972, Senate Resolution 60: Watergate and Related Activities*, hearings, 93d Cong., 1st sess., Book 4 (1973), testimony of John N. Mitchell, July 10, 1973, pp. 1608-1609. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp04unit
[^11]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3 (1973), testimony of John W. Dean III, p. 920. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^12]: Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, *The Final Report* (1974; Dell paperback edition, *The Senate Watergate Report*), p. 63. https://archive.org/details/senatewatergater01unit
[^13]: *United States v. Ehrlichman*, 546 F.2d 910 (D.C. Cir. 1976) (No. 74-1882), decided May 17, 1976, Part I. https://static.case.law/f2d/546/cases/0910-01.json
[^14]: *United States v. Barker*, 546 F.2d 940 (D.C. Cir. 1976) (Nos. 74-1883, 74-1884), decided May 17, 1976. https://static.case.law/f2d/546/cases/0940-01.json
[^15]: *United States v. Felt*, 491 F. Supp. 179 (D.D.C. 1979) (Crim. No. 78-00179) (Bryant, C.J.), decided December 21, 1979; *Gray v. Bell*, 712 F.2d 490, 493-494 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (indictment of Gray, Felt and Miller, April 1978). https://static.case.law/f-supp/491/cases/0179-01.json and https://static.case.law/f2d/712/cases/0490-01.json
[^16]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3, testimony of John W. Dean III, pp. 927-928. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^17]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 2 (1973), testimony of Jeb Stuart Magruder, pp. 786-787. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp02unit
[^18]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3, testimony of John W. Dean III, pp. 930-931. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^19]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 9 (1973), testimony of E. Howard Hunt, p. 3663. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp09unit
[^20]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 2, testimony of Jeb Stuart Magruder, pp. 787-788. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp02unit
[^21]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3, testimony of John W. Dean III, pp. 929-931. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^22]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 4, testimony of John N. Mitchell, July 10, 1973, pp. 1610-1611. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp04unit
[^23]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 2, testimony of Jeb Stuart Magruder, pp. 794-795. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp02unit
[^24]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 4, testimony of John N. Mitchell, July 10, 1973, pp. 1615-1616. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp04unit
[^25]: *United States v. Haldeman*, 559 F.2d 31 (D.C. Cir. 1976) (en banc), Part I.A. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/559/559.F2d.31.6.8.12.23.75-1384.html
[^26]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 4, testimony of John N. Mitchell, July 10, 1973, p. 1616 (question of committee counsel Samuel Dash). https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp04unit
[^27]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 9, testimony of Richard G. Kleindienst, August 7, 1973, pp. 3560-3562. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp09unit
[^28]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 4, testimony of John N. Mitchell, July 10, 1973, pp. 1619-1620. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp04unit
[^29]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3, testimony of John W. Dean III, p. 932. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^30]: *The Final Report* (Dell paperback edition, *The Senate Watergate Report*), p. 74, citing Liddy executive session, June 4, 1973. https://archive.org/details/senatewatergater01unit
[^31]: Senate Watergate hearings, Book 3, testimony of John W. Dean III, p. 956. https://archive.org/details/presidentialcamp03unit
[^32]: U.S. Department of Justice, "Griffin Boyette Bell," Attorneys General biographies. https://www.justice.gov/ag/bio/bell-griffin-boyette
[^33]: "Assassination Plots Described by Liddy," *New York Times*, April 14, 1980, as reproduced in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710021-5. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710021-5
[^34]: Peter S. Prescott, "From Liddy with Love," review of *Out of Control*, *Newsweek*, October 15, 1979, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP88-01350R000200160018-8. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp88-01350r000200160018-8
[^35]: "Liddy Says 'Illusions' Weakened Spy Agency," *Austin American-Statesman*, October 7, 1981, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710012-5. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710012-5
[^36]: "Liddy Spills Watergate-Era Tricks to Tax Court," United Press International, August 17, 1985, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710004-4. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710004-4
[^37]: "Liddy Opens School for Private Security," Associated Press, in *New York Times*, March 19, 1987, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710006-2. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710006-2
[^38]: "Liddy Says He Would Have Killed If Ordered," United Press International, October 31, 1986, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710003-5. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710003-5
[^39]: Eddie Scarry, "G. Gordon Liddy Ends 20-year Radio Run," *Adweek*, September 20, 2012. https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/gordon-liddy-retirement-marsha-blackburn/
[^40]: Thomas Raftery and Donald Singleton, "Liddy: Murder Was Rx for Our Pain in Papers," *New York Daily News*, April 18, 1980, in CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00552R000403710019-8. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00552r000403710019-8