--- alias: - Federation for American Immigration Reform - Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) - FAIR category: Private Organization created: 2026-10-01 location: Washington, D.C. relations: - fn: 2 reverse: true role: founder and chairman of the board start: 1979-01-02 type: founded with: '[[John Tanton]]' - fn: 4 reverse: true role: seed money of 50,000 dollars, per the New York Times start: 1978 type: funded with: '[[Cordelia Scaife May]]' - end: 1994 fn: 6 reverse: true role: grants totaling 1,289,000 dollars in the ledger compiled from the fund's returns start: 1982 type: funded with: '[[Pioneer Fund]]' - fn: 27 reverse: true role: 3,350,000 dollars paid in the year to June 2021 and 1,950,000 dollars in the year to June 2025, with 650,000 dollars approved for later payment type: funded with: '[[Colcom Foundation]]' - end: 1988 fn: 2 reverse: true role: executive director start: 1979 type: head_of with: '[[Roger Conner]]' - end: 2025-04 fn: 9 reverse: true role: executive director from 1988, president from 2003 start: 1988 type: head_of with: '[[Dan Stein]]' - end: 2015-08 fn: 11 reverse: true role: executive director start: 2007 type: head_of with: '[[Julie Kirchner]]' - end: 2025-06 fn: 13 reverse: true role: executive director start: 2023-01 type: head_of with: '[[Julie Kirchner]]' - end: 2022 fn: 12 reverse: true role: executive director start: 2015 type: head_of with: '[[Robert Dane]]' - fn: 14 reverse: true role: executive director and general counsel start: 2025-07-16 type: head_of with: '[[Dale Wilcox]]' - fn: 13 reverse: true role: chairman in the returns for 2016 through 2025 type: director_of with: '[[Don Collins Jr.]]' - end: 2017 fn: 40 reverse: true role: registered lobbyist start: 2013 type: employed_by with: '[[Robert Law]]' - end: 2020 fn: 43 reverse: true role: director of research start: 2016 type: employed_by with: '[[Matthew O''Brien]]' start: 1979-01-02 summary: Washington nonprofit founded in 1979 by John Tanton with seed money from Cordelia Scaife May, funded by the Pioneer Fund from 1982 to 1994 and by the Colcom Foundation through 2025. tags: - Organization - FAIR - JohnTanton - PioneerFund - ColcomFoundation - CordeliaScaifeMay - ImmigrationReformLawInstitute - ImmigrationRestriction - Section501c3 - LobbyingDisclosure updated: 2026-10-01 --- The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) is a [Washington, D.C.](/places/washington-dc/), nonprofit organization that advocates reductions in legal and illegal immigration. The Michigan ophthalmologist [John Tanton](/people/john-tanton/) founded it in 1979. Its legal affiliate is the Immigration Reform Law Institute, and its returns list the FAIR Congressional Task Force Inc., a 501(c)(4), as a related organization. The [Southern Poverty Law Center](/organizations/southern-poverty-law-center/) has listed it as a hate group since 2007.[^1] ### Founding and Seed Money Tanton founded FAIR on January 2, 1979, in Washington, with the environmental lawyer Roger Conner as executive director and himself as chairman of the board. Tanton had been national president of Zero Population Growth from 1975 to 1977.[^2] The [Internal Revenue Service](/organizations/internal-revenue-service/) ruling date recorded for the organization is July 1979.[^3] Nicholas Kulish and Mike McIntire of [The New York Times](/organizations/new-york-times/), writing from Tanton's papers and internal FAIR documents, reported that Tanton met the Mellon heiress Cordelia Scaife May in 1978, sent her a nine-page funding proposal that November, and received 50,000 dollars from her to start the group. They quoted a later Tanton memorandum: "Mrs. May has been our single biggest supporter. She just gave us another $400,000. That relationship is pretty well under control." Conner told the reporters: "Without Cordy May, there's no FAIR. There was no money without her."[^4] The same article reported that Mrs. May's adviser Gregory Curtis urged separating FAIR's research function, which became the Center for Immigration Studies in 1986, and that Tanton also separated FAIR's litigation arm. Charles Kamasaki of the Migration Policy Institute told the reporters that the divisions kept Tanton's groups within the Internal Revenue Service public support test and concealed the source of their money.[^4] Publication 78, the Internal Revenue Service list of organizations eligible to receive deductible gifts, carried FAIR in its editions revised to October 31, 1982 and October 31, 1985. The 1985 edition also lists US Inc., Petoskey, Michigan, which the Times described as a group once run by Tanton and funded largely with Mrs. May's money.[^4][^5] ### Pioneer Fund Grants The [Pioneer Fund](/organizations/pioneer-fund/) made these nominal-dollar payments to FAIR, according to the ledger of its grants that Barry Mehler compiled from the fund's Internal Revenue Service returns: 60,000 dollars in 1982, 60,000 in 1983, 65,000 in 1984, 105,000 in 1985, 80,000 in 1986, 110,000 in 1987, 150,000 in 1988, 50,000 in 1989, 150,000 in 1990, 100,000 in 1991, 150,000 in 1992, 108,500 in 1993 and 100,500 in 1994, with none in 1995 or 1996. The total is 1,289,000 dollars, 12.1 percent of the 10,670,040.55 dollars the ledger shows the fund paying to all grantees from 1971 to 1996. The ledger shows the American Immigration Control Foundation receiving 183,000 dollars over the same period and the Coalition for Freedom 195,000 dollars.[^6] The Southern Poverty Law Center dates the grants from 1985 to 1994 and puts them at about 1.2 million dollars.[^7] The Times wrote that FAIR "had secretly accepted more than $1 million from the Pioneer Fund."[^4] The Southern Poverty Law Center wrote that Dan Stein said in 1993, before the fund's background became public, that his "job [was] to get every dime of Pioneer's money." It also reported that Stein wrote to the fund's president, [Harry Weyher](/people/harry-weyher/), on March 16, 1994, enclosing a draft statement titled "Why the Pioneer Fund Supports the Immigration Reform Movement," written as though by Weyher, one line of which read: "We are pleased and proud that through financial support, we've made FAIR's important work possible." According to the same account, FAIR denied that the money had influenced its programs, and the grants ended in 1994 while FAIR was supporting [California](/places/california/)'s Proposition 187.[^2] The Southern Poverty Law Center further reported that in early 1997 Tanton organized a gathering at the New York Racquet and Tennis Club at which three members of FAIR's board, Henry Buhl, Sharon Barnes and Alan Weeden, met Weyher, and that in the late 1990s Tanton vacationed with the Pioneer Fund director John Trevor Jr., who gave FAIR private financial support.[^2] ### The WITAN Memoranda and the 1988 Disclosure On October 10, 1986, Tanton sent attendees of a WITAN IV meeting a memorandum of questions on the non-economic consequences of immigration to California. It asked: "Will the present majority peaceably hand over its political power to a group that is simply more fertile?" and "Will Blacks be able to improve (or even maintain) their position in the face of the Latin onslaught?"[^8] The Arizona Republic published excerpts on October 9, 1988. Linda Chavez, then executive director of U.S. English, resigned, calling the memoranda "repugnant and not excusable"; Walter Cronkite and Arnold Schwarzenegger left that organization's board and Tanton resigned its presidency. The Southern Poverty Law Center reported that FAIR supported Tanton and formed a committee to prepare his defense.[^2] In 1988 Dan Stein replaced Conner as executive director. The Southern Poverty Law Center states that Conner became FAIR's president and concentrated on fundraising, while FAIR's own biography of Stein states that the board appointed him its first president in 2003.[^2][^9] ### Leadership Stein has been part of the organization since 1982, first as press secretary and from 1988 as executive director. Before leading FAIR he was executive director of the Immigration Reform Law Institute, and in 2003 the board appointed him its first president.[^9] FAIR's biography of Stein says he has testified before Congress more than 50 times; the Southern Poverty Law Center quoted him in August 2009 saying that FAIR leaders had testified about 100 times.[^2][^9] Julie Kirchner joined FAIR in 2005 as deputy director of government relations and became executive director in 2007. She left in August 2015 to advise the [Donald Trump](/people/donald-trump/) presidential campaign.[^10][^11] Robert Dane served as executive director from 2015 until he retired late in 2022. In January 2023 the board announced Kirchner's return.[^12] In 2023 Stein told the board he planned to step down in early 2025, and the board began a succession plan by hiring Kirchner.[^9] The return for 2025 lists Stein as president until April 2025 and Kirchner as executive director until June 2025.[^13] Dale Wilcox, for 11 years executive director and general counsel of the Immigration Reform Law Institute, became executive director and general counsel of FAIR on July 16, 2025, the fifth person to lead the organization in its 46-year history.[^14] ### Board and Compensation The returns for 2016 through 2025 list Don Collins Jr. as chairman. The 2016 return lists Frank Morris as vice chairman, Douglas E. Caton as treasurer, Dale M. Herder as secretary, and Duane Austin, Sharon Barnes, James Dorcy, Sarah G. Epstein and S. Blake Swensrud II as directors.[^15] By 2025 the board consisted of Collins, Herder as vice chairman, Cynthia Matthews as secretary, Swensrud as treasurer, Austin and Kevin Donaleski.[^13] The 2017 return describes a Swensrud Endowment Fund and a Swensrud Memorial Internship Fund, the latter established in 1996 in memory of Sidney Swensrud.[^16] Stein's reportable compensation was 305,343 dollars plus 66,809 dollars of other compensation in 2016, 452,343 dollars plus 69,339 dollars in 2018, 368,324 dollars plus 79,428 dollars in 2024, and 135,546 dollars plus 25,059 dollars in 2025.[^13][^15][^17][^18] Kirchner's reportable compensation as executive director was 351,164 dollars in 2024.[^18] ### Finances Revenue, expenses and total assets at year end, in dollars, from the returns for each calendar year: - 2016: revenue 11,157,713; expenses 11,246,727; assets 14,425,691. - 2017: revenue 27,442,035; expenses 8,575,890; assets 36,100,872. - 2018: revenue 12,125,677; expenses 10,902,278; assets 36,062,018. - 2019: revenue 6,064,444; expenses 10,599,974; assets 34,744,418 (ProPublica's extracted totals). - 2020: revenue 7,316,658; expenses 11,364,268; assets 31,671,070. - 2021: revenue 7,177,636; expenses 9,291,438; assets 30,645,621. - 2022: revenue 8,269,482; expenses 8,114,597; assets 30,055,523. - 2023: revenue 5,201,170; expenses 7,453,094; assets 27,845,838. - 2024: revenue 7,026,289; expenses 7,649,217; assets 27,946,658. - 2025: revenue 8,578,324; expenses 8,195,051; assets 39,388,568. ProPublica's extracted totals give revenue of 6,202,879 dollars for 2011 and 8,594,856 dollars for 2015.[^3][^13][^15][^16][^17][^18][^19][^20][^21][^22] Contributions and grants were 10,714,758 dollars in 2016 and 26,522,520 dollars in 2017, and the 2017 return's description of government relations work begins: "With the election of President Trump, 2017 presented a unique opportunity to enact many of the immigration reforms FAIR has long fought for."[^16] The public copy of the return lists 26,516,901 dollars as all other contributions and does not itemize donors. In 2016 the largest contractors were Davis & Company of Virginia Beach, paid 1,848,355 dollars for advertising, and Stamp Idea Group LLC of Montgomery, Alabama, paid 1,446,530 dollars for advertising.[^15] Google was paid 1,713,143 dollars for advertising in 2021 and 1,105,067 dollars in 2022.[^20][^21] ### Colcom Foundation Mrs. May died in 2005. The Times reported that in 2005 the Colcom Foundation, which she created in 1996, received 215 million dollars from her family trust and 30 million dollars from her personal estate, and another 176 million dollars from the estate in 2006. Using Colcom's tax filings for fiscal years 2005 to 2017, the Times counted 179.9 million dollars in grants to immigration and population-control groups, of which 56.7 million went to FAIR and 17.6 million to the Center for Immigration Studies.[^4] John Rohe, the foundation's vice president for philanthropy, who previously worked with Tanton, told the Times: "We should have a pro-immigrant, nonracial immigration policy. It should not be based on race. It's only based on the numbers."[^4] Colcom's returns for the fiscal years ended June 2021 through June 2025 list these grants in dollars, paid during each year in that order: - FAIR: 3,350,000 in FY2021; 2,600,000 in FY2022, FY2023 and FY2024; 1,950,000 in FY2025. - Immigration Reform Law Institute: 2,500,000; 2,125,000; 2,300,000; 2,300,000; 3,725,000. - NumbersUSA Education & Research Foundation: 2,894,485; 2,620,000; 2,730,000; 2,870,000; 2,210,000. - Center for Immigration Studies: 1,992,800; 1,940,000; 2,100,000; 1,975,000; 1,200,000. - Immigration Research Fund: 577,800; 500,000; 1,070,000; 1,070,000; 825,000. The grants are drawn from the five returns.[^23][^24][^25][^26][^27] In the year to June 2025 the return also shows 650,000 dollars approved for later payment to FAIR and 575,000 dollars to the Immigration Reform Law Institute, and 850,000 dollars paid to the Immigration Accountability Project and 105,000 dollars to ProEnglish.[^27] In the year to June 2021 it lists 810,000 dollars to US Inc., 454,300 dollars to Progressives for Immigration Reform, 330,000 dollars to Californians for Population Stabilization and 400,000 dollars to Keeping Identities Safe.[^23] Colcom's total grants paid were 24,583,765 dollars in the year to June 2021, 21,209,788 in 2022, 23,101,275 in 2023, 22,125,313 in 2024 and 21,037,846 in 2025; its assets at fair market value were 578,878,320 dollars in 2021, 467,132,459 in 2022, 487,808,412 in 2023, 523,265,697 in 2024 and 538,384,400 in 2025.[^23][^24][^25][^26][^27] ProPublica's extracted figures show grants paid of 20,733,376 dollars in the year to June 2011, 25,028,319 in 2015, 32,219,776 in 2019 and 39,673,258 in 2020.[^28] The 2024 return lists J. S. Barsotti as director, president and chief investment officer at 441,000 dollars in compensation.[^26] ### Immigration Reform Law Institute The Southern Poverty Law Center states that the institute was incorporated under FAIR's tax exemption and serves as FAIR's legal arm.[^2] FAIR's returns list the institute as a related 501(c)(3) organization, EIN 52-1469956, with the stated purpose "support FAIR's legal program," and list FAIR Congressional Task Force Inc., EIN 52-1258403, a 501(c)(4), as a related organization "developing immigration policies."[^22] The institute's returns list Stein as chairman, Jeffrey R. Parkin as secretary, Dale Wilcox as executive director and Michael Hethmon as senior counsel; Wilcox was paid 175,950 dollars in 2016 and 272,416 dollars in 2024.[^29][^30] Kirchner became a director of the institute on January 1, 2023.[^31] The institute paid The Bopp Law Firm PC of Terre Haute, Indiana, 214,387 dollars for legal services in 2017 and 476,168 dollars in 2018.[^32][^33] Its returns list FAIR itself as a contractor paid for management services, 116,301 dollars in 2022 and 167,556 dollars in 2024.[^30][^34] Its revenue was 1,485,311 dollars in 2016 and 6,328,648 dollars in 2017, and 1,449,287 dollars in 2018.[^29][^32][^33] The institute's return for 2025 reports a "transfer of litigation program to FAIR including assets and liabilities" of 9,730,386 dollars, and FAIR's return for the same year reports the matching "transfer of litigation program from IRLI including assets and liabilities" of 9,730,386 dollars. The institute's total assets fell from 6,891,450 dollars at the end of 2024 to 574,316 dollars at the end of 2025, and FAIR's rose from 27,946,658 dollars to 39,388,568 dollars.[^13][^18][^30][^35] The institute's 2025 return lists Wilcox as executive director and general counsel until July 2025 and then as chairman; Stein as chairman until July 2025; Parkin, John Rooney and Kirchner as officers or directors until July 2025; and Brian Lonergan as director of communications until July 2025 and then secretary, with Shari Rendall as a director from July 2025.[^35] ### Kris Kobach Kris Kobach joined the Immigration Reform Law Institute in 2004 as senior counsel and was by 2011 listed as of counsel.[^1][^36] The [Associated Press](/organizations/associated-press/) called him in 2010 "the architect behind many of the nation's most controversial immigration laws," and quoted the institute's director, Michael Hethmon, on his role in drafting laws and training officers.[^37] [Federal Election Commission](/organizations/federal-election-commission/) records show that Kobach's 2004 campaign for Kansas's third congressional district, Kobach for Congress, reported receipts from U.S. Immigration Reform PAC of 1,500 dollars on August 25, 2003, 1,000 dollars on October 11, 2003, 1,000 dollars on December 20, 2003, 1,000 dollars twice on February 14, 2004, 2,500 dollars on September 13, 2004, and 2,500 dollars on October 25, 2004, a total of 10,500 dollars. The PAC's own disbursement records list seven payments to the campaign totaling 10,000 dollars, including 500 dollars on November 7, 2003. Cordelia Scaife May, listed as retired and of Pittsburgh, gave the campaign 2,000 dollars on August 3, 2004, and 2,000 dollars on October 28, 2004. She gave the PAC itself 10,000 dollars in the 2002 cycle and 10,000 dollars in the 2004 cycle, and "Tanton, John Dr. & Mrs." appear among its donors with 4,000 dollars in the 2004 cycle. The committee's filings name William W. Chip as treasurer from 2002 to 2012. The Southern Poverty Law Center wrote that a "U.S. Immigration PAC," which it described as operated by Tanton's wife, gave Kobach 10,000 dollars in campaign contributions for his 2004 race, without giving a committee number. A second committee, [United States](/places/united-states/) Immigration Political Action Committee (formerly Michigan Immigration PAC) of Shelby Township, Michigan, with William D. Shull as treasurer and filings from 1999 to 2003, made no payment to Kobach for Congress in the records searched.[^1][^38] The institute's returns for 2016 through 2025 do not list Kobach among officers, key employees, the highest-compensated employees, or independent contractors paid more than 100,000 dollars.[^29][^30][^31][^32][^33][^35][^39] ### Lobbying Disclosure FAIR has filed Lobbying Disclosure Act reports since 1999. Reported lobbying expenses were 80,000 dollars in 2011, 278,073 in 2017, 227,778 in 2018, 306,477 in 2019, 288,544 in 2020, 283,571 in 2021, 254,982 in 2022, 228,005 in 2023 and 145,746 in 2024.[^40] Registered lobbyists include Stein from 1999 to 2023 and Kirchner from 2005 to 2025, whose reports list as covered positions senior advisor at Customs and Border Protection, USCIS ombudsman, and senior advisor at the Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman. Robert Law appears as a lobbyist from 2013 to 2017. Other reports list former congressional staff: Carl Little, chief of staff to Representative John Hostettler until January 2007; RJ Hauman, aide to Representative Elton Gallegly; Heather Ham-Warren, legislative director to Representative Matt Gaetz; Joe Chatham, chief counsel to Representative Ken Buck; and William Riley, legislative correspondent to Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene.[^40] ### Staff in the Trump Administration The Times reported in 2019 that Attorney General Jeff Sessions and the [White House](/places/white-house/) adviser Stephen Miller were longtime FAIR allies, and that Kirchner had become USCIS ombudsman.[^4] Kirchner spent four years at the [Department of Homeland Security](/organizations/department-of-homeland-security/): senior advisor to the Customs and Border Protection commissioner, USCIS ombudsman from 2017 to 2019, and from January 2020 senior advisor at the Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman.[^41] She resigned the ombudsman post in October 2019; the Southern Poverty Law Center reported that a source told CNN she was moving away from Washington and that Politico quoted a senior Homeland Security official saying she was leaving "voluntarily for family reasons."[^11] Robert Law was FAIR's director of government relations, then chief of the USCIS Office of Policy and Strategy, then director of the Center for Homeland Security and Immigration at the America First Policy Institute, then senior counselor to Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem. The Senate confirmed him as Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans by a vote of 49 to 46.[^42] Matthew O'Brien was FAIR's director of research from 2016 to 2020, an immigration judge in Arlington, Virginia, and then the institute's director of investigations.[^43] His most recent judicial post was assistant chief immigration judge at Annandale, Virginia, and he is FAIR's deputy executive director.[^44] The returns for 2025 list O'Brien as deputy executive director as of July 2025 and Christopher Hajec of the institute as deputy general counsel as of August 2025.[^13] The Times reported that groups Mrs. May funded "sent key staff members to join" the Trump administration, and that the main restrictionist groups she funded reject any contention that prejudice or xenophobia motivates them.[^4] [^1]: Southern Poverty Law Center, "Kris Kobach: Lawyer for America's Nativist Movement," SPLC Report, on Kobach joining the Immigration Reform Law Institute in 2004, his 2004 congressional campaign, and the SPLC listing of FAIR as a hate group since 2007. https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/kris-kobach-lawyer-americas-nativist-movement/ [^2]: Southern Poverty Law Center, "Federation for American Immigration Reform," Extremist Files (sections "Background," "FAIR and the Pioneer Fund," and "In Their Own Words"), read October 1, 2026. https://www.splcenter.org/resources/extremist-files/federation-american-immigration-reform/ [^3]: ProPublica, Nonprofit Explorer, API record for Federation For American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126 (ruling date July 1979; revenue, expense and asset totals for tax years 2011 to 2023). https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 and https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/api/v2/organizations/521136126.json [^4]: Kulish, Nicholas, and Mike McIntire. "Why an Heiress Spent Her Fortune Trying to Keep Immigrants Out," *The New York Times,* August 14, 2019 (article text and the accompanying "The Daily" transcript). https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/us/anti-immigration-cordelia-scaife-may.html (read through the capture at https://web.archive.org/web/20260127154925id_/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/us/anti-immigration-cordelia-scaife-may.html) [^5]: Internal Revenue Service, *Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954* (Publication 78), revised to October 31, 1982 (https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41152660_0032) and revised to October 31, 1985 (https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41152806_0979), entries for Federation for American Immigration Reform, Washington, D.C., and US Inc., Petoskey, Mi. [^6]: Mehler, Barry, comp. "Pioneer Fund Grants, 1971-1996," Institute for the Study of Academic Racism, compiled from the fund's Internal Revenue Service returns; nominal-dollar tables in Part III (1981-1985, http://www.ferris.edu/isar/Institut/pioneer/pfspread/pfp3.htm, capture of February 2, 2002), Part IV (1986-1990, pfp4.htm, capture of January 29, 2002), Part V (1991-1996, pfp5.htm, capture of January 29, 2002) and Part VI (totals, pfp6.htm, capture of March 9, 2002), read at https://web.archive.org/web/20020202045118id_/http://www.ferris.edu:80/isar/Institut/pioneer/pfspread/pfp3.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20020129112308id_/http://www.ferris.edu:80/isar/Institut/pioneer/pfspread/pfp4.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20020129113141id_/http://www.ferris.edu:80/isar/Institut/pioneer/pfspread/pfp5.htm and https://web.archive.org/web/20020309164506id_/http://www.ferris.edu:80/isar/Institut/pioneer/pfspread/pfp6.htm [^7]: Southern Poverty Law Center, "Federation for American Immigration Reform's Hate Filled Track Record," SPLC Report (section "The Eugenics Connection"). https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/federation-american-immigration-reforms-hate-filled-track-record/ [^8]: Southern Poverty Law Center, "'WITAN Memo' III," January 29, 2010, reproducing John Tanton to WITAN IV attendees, October 10, 1986. https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/witan-memo-iii/ [^9]: Federation for American Immigration Reform, "Dan Stein," staff biography, with the letter of FAIR's Board of Directors on his retirement. https://www.fairus.org/danstein [^10]: Piggott, Stephen. "Julie Kirchner, Former FAIR ED Named New Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman," Southern Poverty Law Center, Hatewatch, May 1, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/05/01/julie-kirchner-former-fair-ed-named-new-citizenship-and-immigration-services-ombudsman [^11]: Southern Poverty Law Center, "Trump Official Who Once Led Hate Group Resigns Ombudsman Role," Hatewatch, October 31, 2019. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2019/10/31/trump-official-who-once-led-hate-group-resigns-ombudsman-role [^12]: Federation for American Immigration Reform, "FAIR Announces Julie Kirchner as the New Executive Director," FAIR Newsletter, February 2023. https://www.fairus.org/fair-announces-julie-kirchner-new-executive-director [^13]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2025, object ID 202621839349300527 (filed 2026); Parts I, VII and Schedule O (transfer of litigation program). https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^14]: Mehlman, Ira. "Meet FAIR's New Executive Director and General Counsel: Dale Wilcox," FAIR Newsletter, July 2025. https://www.fairus.org/meet-fairs-new-executive-director-and-general-counsel-dale-wilcox [^15]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2016, object ID 201721819349300442 (filed 2017); Parts VII, VIII, IX and Schedule R. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^16]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2017, object ID 201801669349301105 (filed 2018); Parts I, III, VII, VIII and Schedule O. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^17]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2018, object ID 201921589349300347 (filed 2019); Part VII. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^18]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2024, object ID 202521959349301457 (filed 2025); Parts I, VII and Schedule R. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^19]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2020, object ID 202111749349300546 (filed 2021); Parts I and VII. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^20]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2021, object ID 202221729349300737 (filed 2022); Part VII independent contractors. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^21]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2022, object ID 202301799349301560 (filed 2023; a second return for the same period carries object ID 202322589349301102). https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^22]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Federation for American Immigration Reform, EIN 52-1136126, tax period December 2023, object ID 202441659349301024 (filed 2024); Parts VII and Schedule R. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521136126 [^23]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990-PF, Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839, tax year July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, object ID 202241329349103649 (filed 2022); Part XV grants paid. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/311479839 [^24]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990-PF, Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839, tax year July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, object ID 202341189349100634 (filed 2023); Part XV grants paid. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/311479839 [^25]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990-PF, Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839, tax year July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023, object ID 202401239349101030 (filed 2024); Part XV grants paid. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/311479839 [^26]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990-PF, Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839, tax year July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024, object ID 202521299349102272 (filed 2025); Part VII officers and Part XV grants. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/311479839 [^27]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990-PF, Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839, tax year July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025, object ID 202601279349100640 (filed 2026); Part XV grants paid and approved for future payment. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/311479839 [^28]: ProPublica, Nonprofit Explorer, API record for Colcom Foundation, EIN 31-1479839 (ruling date February 1997; extracted grants-paid and fair-market-value figures for fiscal years ended June 2011 through 2015 and 2019 through 2023). https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/api/v2/organizations/311479839.json [^29]: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Exempt Organization Search (TEOS) bulk XML, Form 990, Immigration Reform Law Institute Inc., EIN 52-1469956, tax period December 2016, object ID 201721819349300742; 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