---
category: Paramilitary
location: Johannesburg, South Africa
start: 1912
summary: The African National Congress (ANC) is South Africa's dominant liberation
  movement and governing party since 1994, relevant to this vault through PROMIS software
  targeting and Israeli military intelligence connections during the apartheid era.
tags:
- Organization
- Paramilitary
- South Africa
- Revolutionary
---

The [African National Congress](/organizations/african-national-congress/) (ANC) was a black revolutionary group in [South Africa](/places/south-africa/). It was targeted by the [PROMIS](/programs/promis/) software, which was implemented in Transkei by [Degem](/organizations/degem/) (controlled by [Israeli](/places/israel/) military intelligence) with the assistance of [Robert Maxwell](/people/robert-maxwell/).

[PROMIS](/programs/promis/) was used as a "killing machine" against the [ANC](/organizations/african-national-congress/) and other black revolutionary groups, leading to the disappearance or maiming of almost 12,000 activists by early 1986. This was often carried out through "black-on-black" violence by death squads led by Chief [Gatsha Buthelezi](/people/gatsha-buthelezi/), a term known in [Israeli](/places/israel/) intelligence circles as "Kushi kills Kushi." The system tracked dissidents through their required identity passes, and death lists were drawn up and handed over to [Buthelezi](/people/gatsha-buthelezi/)'s group.[^1]

[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992.