# Skeptics & Critics Magicians, scientists, and writers who have debunked or criticized paranormal and psi claims. | Name | Description | | --- | --- | | [[Amnon Rubinstein]] | Amnon Rubinstein was a prominent Israeli legal scholar, politician, and television talk show host. | | [[Carl Sagan]] | Carl Sagan (1934–1996) was a renowned American cosmologist, astronomer, planetary scientist, and author. | | [[Eduard Naumov]] | Naumov's claims, along with other 'wild stories' from Soviet psi research, were later featured in the 1970 book *Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain* by Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder. | | [[Genady Sergeyev]] | Genady Sergeyev was a Soviet military doctor who oversaw experiments with the renowned psychic Ninel Kulagina. | | [[George Lawrence]] | George Lawrence was an ARPA project manager who, along with two civilian psychologists, Robert Van de Castle and Ray Hyman, traveled to SRI to test Uri Geller's purported psychic abilities. | | [[Gertrude Schmeidler]] | Gertrude Schmeidler was an experimental psychologist with a PhD from Harvard University. | | [[J. B. Rhine]] | American botanist who founded the parapsychology lab at Duke University and is considered a father of modern parapsychology. | | [[James Randi]] | James Randi (1928–2020), known as 'The Amazing Randi,' was a Canadian-American stage magician, escape artist, and a prominent scientific skeptic. | | [[John L. Wilhelm]] | Wilhelm's exposé centered on the U.S. | | [[Leon Jaroff]] | Leon Jaroff was a senior editor at *Time* magazine. | | [[Louis Andre]] | Louis Andre was an analyst with the DIA who worked on the case of William Richard Higgins, a Marine Lieutenant Colonel abducted in Lebanon in 1988. | | [[Martin Gardner]] | Martin Gardner (1914–2010) was an American science writer and a key figure in jump-starting the modern scientific skepticism movement. | | [[Milbourne Christopher]] | Milbourne Christopher was a renowned American stage magician and author. | | [[Ninel Kulagina]] | Ninel Kulagina (1926–1990), also known as Nina Kulagina, was a celebrated Soviet psychic and a decorated World War II hero, having served as a front-line soldier and tank radio operator for the Red Army. | | [[Paul Kurtz]] | Paul Kurtz (1925–2012) was an American philosopher and a prominent figure in the skeptical movement. | | [[Ray Hyman]] | Ray Hyman is a psychologist and a prominent figure in the scientific skepticism movement. | | [[Richard Kennett]] | Richard Kennett was a CIA analyst in the Office of Scientific Intelligence in the early 1970s. | | [[Robert Lucky]] | He eventually conducted some of his own informal remote viewing experiments and became convinced of its reality, stating, 'Psychic stuff is really not much more far-fetched than some of the physics behind the laser.' His decision to publish the paper in a respected scientific journal contributed to | | [[Stefan Kanfer]] | Stefan Kanfer was a reporter for *Time* magazine. | | [[Steven Shaw]] | Steven Shaw was one of two young magicians, along with Michael Edwards, who participated in James Randi's hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University in 1983. | | [[Walter Levy]] | Walter Levy was an assistant to J. |